TN (Twisted Nematic): LC molecules twist 90°. TN is a basic LCM type with low power consumption and rich display applications. TN, STN, FSTN LCD modules, COB, COG, TAB, CSTN, TFT modules are used in MP3, mobile phones, industrial displays, game consoles, calculators, calendars, watches, pagers, electronic scales, car clocks, phones, air conditioners, multimeters, electronic notebooks, car remotes, radios, instruments, intercoms, CD, VCD, car audio and more.

HTN (High Twisted Nematic): LC molecules twist 110–130°. Features high contrast, low power, low driving voltage, but average dynamic performance. Wider viewing angle than TN.

STN (Super Twisted Nematic): changes the orientation of LC molecules twisted over 180° via electric field, altering optical rotation. Slow recovery causes afterglow. Main advantage: ultra‑low power consumption.

Color STN adds a color filter to monochrome STN, splitting pixels into RGB sub‑pixels for color display. Unlike TFT, STN is passive, supporting up to 65536 colors. Types: standard STN, FSTN, CSTN, DSTN. Standard STN (180–270° twist) shows yellow‑green or blue background.

FSTN (Film+STN): uses a compensation film to eliminate dispersion for true black‑and‑white display. CSTN (Color STN): adds RGB color filter for color. DSTN (Double STN): dual‑layer STN for higher contrast and automatic temperature compensation. VA panels are high‑end wide‑viewing‑angle types. 8‑bit VA offers 16.7M colors and wide viewing angles, at a higher cost than TN. Includes Fujitsu MVA and Samsung PVA.

VA panels have extremely high front contrast but slight color shift at extreme angles. They excel at sharp text and high black‑white contrast.